Jacksonville, Florida
The
house was located at about the g in
Herlong.
There wasn't an Interstate 295 at the
time!
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2002 Braque Court is the
house with the van in the
driveway. It was a 1950s era
cinderblock three bedroom two bath
house with small patio in the
back.
We rented it from a First Class
Petty Officer for $110/month
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Almost everyone assigned to Cecil Field in the
1960s lived on the west side of Jacksonville. In
the early 1970s, that had changed and most mid
grade officers stationed at Cecil lived in
Orange Park in Clay County. That was mostly
because in the 1070s, we began to have school
aged children and the Clay County schools were
better than in Duval County.
When
we
arrived at Jacksonville, Mary was
pregnant with our second daughter,
Laura.
Heather was about 16 months old.
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I was promoted to
Lieutenant Junior Grade (Ltjg)
just before I got my wings in
Kingsville, Texas
The normal promotion interval
from Ensign to Ltjg was 18
months back then.
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SERE Training
Survival,
Evasion, Resistance, Escape
SERE
Training was mandatory for military
personnel before being assigned to a
combat zone. Since it was 1965 and
things were heating up in Vietnam,
it bacame part of the Fleet
Replacement Squadron (RAG) Syllabus
for every student. The training
lasted a very long week at Brunswick
Naval Air Station, Maine. We were
flown to Brunswick on a weekend so
that we could start the training on
Monday morning. I completed SERE
School in early May, 1965 which was
great because it wasn't too cold or
too hot.
Survival (We were alone
in our training)
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Evasion
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Resistance
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The
uniforms pictured in
these images are from
recent training. We
didn't have fatigues in
those days. We wore our
orange flight suit with
the concept that we had
just been shot down,
were on the ground in
enemy territory and had
to evade capture and get
to a predetermined
relatively safe point
for a helocopter rescue.
We would not wear an
orange flight suit on
combat mssions. The
orange suits could been
seen better if you were
in the water. Combat
flight gear was olive
drab in color.
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We were
not permitted to have
a helmet, survival
vest, or G suit
because they were too
expensive to mess up
during the training.
But we were taught how
to usee them in an
actual situation.
We did carry a
standard naval aviator
survival knife and a
couple bottles of
water. We needed to
stay as hydrated as
possible duuring the
training.
In the real world, we
would have a large
bottle of water in
each G suit pocket in
addition to many
survival items in the
survival vest.
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A lot
of the details about SERE training are
classified. But, I want to give you an
idea of the challenges and importance of
this type of training. On the first day
(Monday), the instructors described the
objectives of the program, the rules of
the game, and we did some field training.
We started the survival and evasion
portion on Tuesday morning. We
single seat guys (A4s and A1 Skyraiders)
had to go it alone, just as it would be
for real. If you were slated to fly
an A6 or F4, you could go in pairs etc. We
were told that while living off the land,
we had to navigate from our shootdown
point (Point A) to our pick up point
(Point B) and arrive before noon the next
day (Wednesday). If we sucessfully evaded
capture, we had to give ourselves up to be
able to participate in the
resistance/escape portion of the training
(POW training). Evading capture was going
to be a challenge.
The instructor force dressed in enemy
uniforms was positioned between Point A
and Point B. I was captured early on
Wednesday morning. I was hiding but was
discovered by a giant (about 6 ft 6 and
280 lbs or so). He yanked me up by the
front of my flight suit and spit in my
face. I was excorted to the POW compund by
the same giant and he proceeded to force
my forehead against a rough tar papered
wall surface causing a lot of pain and
bleeding. This was serious business. There
were flight surgeons and medical corpsmen
in the instrutor quarters in case there
were a serious medical emergency. The
objective was for us to experience the
pain, discomfort, and feeling of
helplessness involved in actually being
captured.
Upon capture, we were placed in an outdoor
compound enclosed with a high chain link
fence. We were fed and given plenty of
water. But we were inconvenienced. They
simulated solitary confinement by putting
you in a black box and locking you in. I
liked the black box because they couldn't
cause you any physical pain in there. It
was a mental exercise and I was up to it.
Each prisoner was taken into a buliding
and "tortured". The torture was sort of
simulated but it was painful. It
didn't cause any physical damage, but it
wasn't pleasant. Out in the compound, the
senior officer responsible (SRO) was
treated harshly and the executed (removed
from the group). There were about 30 of us
in the POW group. After the SRO was
executed and removed, the next senior guy
had to step up and take the lead. He was
then "tortured" and "executed". This
went on for awhile until we had gone
through about 6 SROs. I didnt have to
worry about being an SRO as a Ltjg. We had
a Marine Reserve (a lawyer) with the
POW group who was on his way to Vietnam.
The enemy was particularly hard on him. I
say the enemy because by then the
instructors had definitely become the
enemy. I can't discuss escape training
other than to say that in the few
instances where a POW escaped, he had to
give himself up to complete the training.
The "escapes" may have been planned
events. The 21/2 days and 2 nights
we were POWs seemed like a week. It was
difficult training. The spectacularly well
executed event that completed the POW
training was designed to be inspiring and
it was. But it didn't satisfy all the
POWs. After the training, we all walked
back to a point to meet a bus to take us
back. There were a couple of
assaults on instructors by POWs on the way
back. After we returned to the BOQ and had
a chance to cool off, we went to a
restaurant with the instructors and
enjoyed a steamed Maine lobster
dinner. It was delicious but pretty
rich and some of the students couldn't
keep it down. By the way, several of
the instructors were Korean War POWs. The
rest were very highly trained Master at
Arms security personnel. Incredibly
valuable training!!
More
Instrument Training
VA-45 Blackbirds
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It's back in the
TF9 for instrument requalification
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VA-45
was asquadron at Cecil Field which
specialized in instrument instruction
using the F9F-8T Cougar. When I
returned from SERE training, I checked in
to VA-45 for intsrument requalification.
Students are required to requalify by
flying a certain amount of simulated
(under the hood) or actual instrument
hours and executing a prescribed number of
simulated (under the hood) or actual TACAN
(a navigational aid) approaches and GCA
(Ground Controlled approaches). I
completed my instrument requalification in
eight flights from May 20th through May
31st ( add another15 hours to my F9f-8T
flight time).
Swim
and Altitude Chamber
Requalification
NAS
Jacksonville
More fun with the Dilbert
Dunker
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Learning something
new in the chamber
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All pilots who were
on their way to their first squadron
had to requalify in swimimg and the
altitude chamber. After that, all
jet carrier pilots had to requalify
on a periodic time table. I
always seemed to learn something new
each time.
Ejection Seat
Traininng in the Douglas
Ejection Seat (Cecil Field)
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The A4 Skyhawk had a
different type of ejection
seat than in the Grumman F9
Cougar and the F11
Tiger. The Grumman seats
were
ballistic seats. They were
powered like an artillery
shell. They had a high initial
impact and a constant rate of
acceleration.
The A4 Douglas ejection seat
was powered by a rocket. It
had less initial thrust but
accelerated at an increasing
rate. This new technology
meant that it was not only
easier on your back, but it
was more effective giving the
A4 a ejection seat an envelope
down to ground level as long
at you didn't have a rate of
descent on ejection.
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Flight
Training required to get assigned
to a fleet squadron
A
Fleet Replacement Squdron, AKA
Replacement Air Group (RAG) is
designed to train piilots of all
experience levels before they join a
squadron that flies an aircraft that
the pilot has not flown before. Pilots
who have just completed flight
training get the long course. Pilots
who are experienced but have not flown a
jet before get a long course. Experienced
pilots in the aircraft who are going to
their second or third fleet squadron
(Department heads and prospective
Ececutive Officers (XO)/Commanding
Officers (CO) get a short course.
Prospective Air Wing Commanders get very
short transition phase and then
participate in weapons training and
carrier qualifications (CQ).
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VA-44 at NAS Cecil Field in
Jacksonville was the RAG squadron on
the east coast for A4 Skyhawk
training.
VA-122 at NAS Lemoore, CA was the A4
RAG on the west coast
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The
A4 Skyhawk was manufactured by the Mc
Donnell Corporation.
VA-44 flew mostly the A4C model of the
A4. They might have had a few of
the newer A4E models. There were no
two seat TA4s at that point. So, all
my flights were solo.
The A4C engine was a Wright J-65 (The
same engine as the F11 without the
burner).
The A4E engine was the Pratt &
Whitney J-52.
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NAS
Cecil Field
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Cecil Field would be
my home base for many years to come.
The VA-44 hangar was located at the
11 o'clock position
from the semicurcular array of
buildings which were enlisted
barracks.
My first fleet squadron flying
A4s, VA-15, was located in Hanger 13
on the smaller ramp to the top
right.
My second fleet squadron VA-82, an
A7 Corsair squadron was located in
one of the large hangars at about
the 8 oclock position of the
barracks.
My CO/XO tour, my third fleet
squadron, again VA-15, was located
in the same hangar complex.
My final flying tour was as the CO
of the A7 RAG located in the same
hangar as VA-44. I started there and
finished there. |
The
VA-44 RAG Syllabus
Ground Training. The
ground syllabus lasted about a
week. It consisted of the
usual classes about the engine,
aircaft systems, and squadron
standard operating procedures
(SOP). The blindfold cockpit check
was conducted in a actual
aircraft.
The
Flight Training Syllabus:
I began the VA-44 flight syllabus in
late June. Flight time was sparse at
first. I flew my first transition phase
flight on June 30th and only four more
flights in July. Perhaps students in
classes in front of me were involved in
the Weapons Deployment and Carrier
Qualification Phases which had a higher
priority. My July flights involved
quite a bit of landing practice. I would
do a few touch and gos on each flight.
Again, all flights in VA-44 were A-4
solo flights. Flight time picked up
significantly in August. I quess it was
my class's turn. I had my last four
transition flights by August 9th.There
was no instruments phase as we had
achieved a Standard Instrument Card
qualification in VA-45. We did a little
bit of everything on these flights;
formation practice, a few simulated
instrument TACAN and GCA approaches, and
acrobatics. Every flight was a check
flight. As long as you demonstrated
acceptable performance, you moved along
without having to fly a repeat flight.
On August 10th, I flew an inflight
refueling flight where we learned to
plug our refueling probe in to the
drogue of an inflight refueling store
loaded on another A4 flown by an
instructor. I suspect that there
was a second instructor flying chase
giving recommendations if one of
the student pilots was having
difficulty. That was it. We were ready
to go to MCAS (Marine Corps Air Station)
Yuma Arizona for our Weapons Detachment.
The Yuma Weapons Det: Students
who came from Advanced Jet Training were
organized into classes of about 20 students.
The second tour pilots, third tour
Prospective COs/XOs, and the prospective
CAGs (Commander an Air Group) had their own
schedule but would join whatever the next
group of new students fit into their
schedule. So when it was time to go the
Yuma, there was a group of mainly new
students (RPs - Replacement Pilots) with a
second tour pilot or two and maybe a PXO/CO
or CAG. Each group assumed its own
identity and before it was time to go to
Yuma, had designed a class T shirt (some
combination of squadron colors and a usually
politically incorrect design depicting the
delivery of ordnance). Each pilot had
a couple of T shirts each to fly with
in Yuma.
There was a VA-44 Detachment in Yuma that
had all the personnel, ground support
equipment, and suppplies to support the
detachments. So, every pilot in the group
and the instructors each flew an airplane to
Yuma. As a result, these dets required up to
30 aircraft for the duration of the
detachment. My group left Cecil Field on
August 13th and landed at Kelly Air Force
Base (AFB) in San Antonio, Texas. We did
a RON (Remained Over Night) at Kelly.
We left the next day and flew from Kelly AFB
to NAS Albuquerque, New Mexico refueled and
then flew on to MCAS Yuma. The transit had
involved 7.0 hours of flight time.
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Yuma, Arizona is located in the
southwest corner of Arizona.
The weather is hot and dusty but is
clear with incredible visability;
perfect for weapons training.
Note that the Colorado River
flows through Yuma on its' way
southwest. The Colorado is
normally only about 20 feet wide and
4-5 feet deep at Yuma. It's a little
muddy but is still perfect for
swiming or a gentle raft/tube trip.
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MCAS Yuma Arizona
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The
weapons syllabus consisted of 23
flights. They were all day VFR flights.
We learned how to manually deliver bombs
from a 30 degree and 45 dive angle using
25 lb. Mk-76 practice bombs. We
also learned how to deliver weapons from
a 15 degree angle using a pop up roll
ahead maneuver. The pop up roll ahead
maneuver consisted of approaching the
target at 500 feet AGL (above ground
level) at 450 kts. airspeed, executing a
rapid but smooth 3-4g pull up (like
beginning a loop) and then rolling
inverted (upside down) and looking for
the target out of the top of the canopy.
When you reached the right position, the
pilot would pull the nose
back down until the plane was
about at a 15 degree angle from the
target then rolling back upright (like
in a cuban eight). When the gunsight
mill setting (for the weapon being
carried) reached the bulls eye of the
target, you hit the pickle (a button on
the top left of the stick) and released
the practice bomb (a Mk 106). As soon as
the bomb released, you pulled up using a
smooth 4 G pullout. This maneuver was a
lot of fun. We also practiced firing
2.75 inch rockets (like in the image
above) from a 30 degree dive anlgle. The
flights lasted about an hour. I flew a
total of 23.6 flight hours over
the 23 flights.
I
did well at Yuma and became confident
that my decision to be a light attack
pilot was the right one.
Return
from Yuma and Pre-Carrier
Qualification Night and Instrument
Flights
I
flew back from Yuma on August 25th
in two flights; Yuma to Kelly AFB
and after refueling Kelly to
Cecil. We were able to fly
back in two legs (flights) because
the 150 mph jet stream at 35,000
feet was a tail wind. I logged 1.8
hours of night time and .8 actual
instrument time on the flight from
Kelly to Cecil. I flew four
pre-carrier phase flights to get
some more night and instrument time.
By August 31st, I had flown 4.8
hours of night time, six night
instrument approaches, and eleven
night landings.
Day
and Night Carrier
Qualification
Day Field Carrier Landing
Practice
It was a different
ball game this time because
we were not only going to
land on the carrier in the
daytime, but also at night!
I began day FCLPs at Cecil
Field on August 1st. I flew
three flights completing 41
FCLPs by August 3rd. The
squadron used Cecil Filed for
these day flights because it was
easier to cycle pilots in
airplanes after refueling in
ther fuel pits if these flights
were at Cecil. The LSOs assigned
to our group were stationed at
the mirror (Fresnel Les) at the
end of the duty runway (runway
in use) and then returned to
give each pilot a detailed
debrief after each flight. Each
pilot started night FCLPs when
the LSOs were confident they
were ready. I flew 49 day FCLPs
during day qualifications.
Night Field
Carrier Landing
Practice
Night
FCLPs were flown at Navy
Auxiliary Landing
Whitehouse (NAAF
Whitehouse) if weather
permitted. We could use
Whitehouse as long as
the weather was at least
1,500 ft overcast with 3
miles of visibility
bacause we could fly the
mission night VFR
underneath the cloud
layer. Whitehouse
was located about eleven
miles north of
Cecil and had a single
runway with carrier deck
lighting . It took the
LSOs only about 20
minutes to drive there
from Cecil.
The procedure was that
each pilot would take
off from Cecil with only
about 4,000 lbs of fuel
so that they could enter
the night 1,200 foot
FCLP pattern (night VFR)
and have the proper
amount of fuel to be
able land (touch and go)
on the first pass. The
goal was to get about 13
FCLPs on each flight.
The pilot would bingo to
Cecil at about 2,000 lbs
of fuel land and taxi to
the fuel pits where
another pilot would get
in refuel to 4,000 lbs
of fuel and fly his
flight. These flights
were usually flown from
midnight to about 3:00
am and were followed by
a detailed debrief
by an LSO before you
went home for the night,
usually about daybreak.
You would then get a
good night's sleep and
be back at the squadron
by about 7:00pm or so
for the next night's
work. I finished
my night field
qualification on August
17th with 12flights,108
night FCLPs.
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I flew out to the
Lexington CVT-16 (yes
Lexington again) on
August 20th and did 2
touch and gos and 8
arrested landings in A4
#1485002. I flew
back to Cecil for some
reason later that night.
I flew back out to the
LEX the next day (August
21st) and logged 2
arrested landings in the
same A4 # 148502. That
night I flew the same
aircraft and logged 6
night carrier landings
and one bolter. A bolter
is when you indend to
land ((hook is down) but
you either land long and
miss the wires or more
likely had a hook skip.
A hook skip is usually
caused by the pilot
lowering the nose of the
aircraft just prior to
landing (raises the
hook). My logbook
doesn't reveal how I got
off the boat (aviators
call aircraft carriers
boats). There is no
return to Cecil logged?
I was
day/night carrier
qualified in the A4C
on August 21st, 1965!
But,
I was not quite
finished with VA-44.
I flew one
instrument
navigation flight in
a TF9 at VA-45 and
five more syllabus
flights in VA-44;
three instument
flights (one at
night) and two
inflight refueling
flights. I
completed VA-44 on
October 27th ready
to check into my
first fleet
squadron.
My
first
fleet squadron was
the VALions of
Attack Squadron
Fifteen
(VA-15).
Before I move on to
my next chapter,
VA-15 (1965-1966), I
want to tell you a
little bit about how
aircraft carrier air
wings were organized
in the
mid-1960s. In
1965, each attack
carrier (CVA) air
wing had two fighter
squadrons (flying F4
Phantoms or F8
Crusaders), two
light attack
squadrons (flying
either the A4C or
the new A4E) one
medium attack
squadron (A6
Intruders) or a
heavy attack
squadron (A3
Skywarriors or A5
Vigilantees), a
photorecon
detachment usually
flying either RA5
Vigilantees or RF8s
Crusaders, an
electronic warefare
detachment flying
EA6 Growlers, an
airborne command and
contol detachment
(E1s) and a rescue
helo
detachment.
Each squadron had a
squadron color that
was used in painting
squadron aircraft.
VF aircraft numbers
and colors were 100
series red color and
200 series numbers
yellow. The A4 light
attack squadrons had
either 300 numbers
and blue or 400
numbers and
orange. The
medium attack A6
Intruder squadron
had 500 numbers and
green. I don't
remember what the
tail color or
numbers for the
heavy attack
squadron (maybe 600
and black). Each
airwing was assigned
to a specific
aircraft carrier and
had work up training
and deployemnt
schedules associated
with that
carrier.
Rotation of pilots
for light attack
squadrons was
somewhat organized
with a CO/XO, a
couple of second
tour pilots, and
about half of the
1st tour pilots
being replaced each
deployment cycle.
Squadron assignments
were normally for
two years. So
a typical light
attack squadron
would replace about
eight or nine pilots
during the post
deployment cycle
(about a
year). So the
replacement of their
piots was over a six
month period or
about one or two per
month before
reaching a full
alotment of piolots
before their
deployment.
This
was
not the case with
my first squadron,
VA-15.
When I left
VA-44, Mary was
about eight
months pregnant
with my second
daughter, Laura
Heather was two
months shy of
two years old.